Numerical control system is the core component of numerical control machine tool, which is responsible for the control and management of machine tool. Its main components and functions are as follows:
Controller (Controller)
- The controller is the core component of the CNC system, which usually includes the main controller and the auxiliary controller.
- The main controller first takes charge of executing machining procedures, and then is responsible for controlling machine movement and operation.
- And finally monitors various parameters during machining.
- We use the auxiliary controller to handle input/output (I/O)， communication, system management, and other functions.
- Numerical control devices include various sensors, encoders, servo drivers, etc., used to detect and control the movement and position of the machine tool.
The encoder measures the position of each axis of the machine.
Numerical Devices
Input Devices
- We use input devices to input processing programs and instructions.
- Common input devices include keyboard, mouse, touch screen, etc.
- Operators can use input devices to write, modify, and load machining programs, as well as to perform manual operation and parameter setting of machine tools.
Computer
- Numerical control systems usually include one or more embedded computers for running machining programs, processing data, and controlling the movement of machine tools.
- The computer usually uses a dedicated real-time operating system, which can respond and control the movement of the machine tool in real time to ensure the accuracy and stability of the processing process.
Control Software
- The control software is responsible for executing the machining program
- Control software usually includes operating system, motion control algorithm, machining program interpreter, communication protocol and other functional modules.
Human Machine Interface (HMI)
- Moreover, the man-machine interface is used to display information such as machining program.
- Machine tool state, operation interface, etc., and provides the interface for the operator to interact with the CNC system.
- Generally speaking, common man-machine interfaces include display screens, operation panels, indicators, etc.
- And can also support interaction modes such as touch screen and voice recognition.
In general, the numerical control system through the controller, numerical control device, input equipment, computer, control software and human-machine interface and other components, to achieve the precise control of the machine tool and automatic processing, improve the processing efficiency and product quality.
The main structural components of CNC machine tools include
Spindle
- The spindle is one of the core components of the CNC machine tool, which is used to install the tool or the workpiece holding device, and realize the rotating motion.
- The speed and steering of the spindle can be precisely controlled through the numerical control system to adapt to different machining requirements.
Worktable
- The workbench is a platform for clamping and fixing the workpiece on the CNC machine tool, which can be moved in different directions.
- Worktables typically have multiple workpiece holding devices or jigs to accommodate workpieces of different shapes and sizes.
Guideways
- Guide rail, a structural component, supports and guides the moving parts of the machine tool for accuracy and stability.
- The guide rail is usually a high-precision linear guide or sliding guide.
Slide seat
- The slide seat is a support structure on the CNC machine tool.
- The design and manufacturing accuracy of sliding seat directly affect the machining accuracy and stability of machine tools.
Drive Mechanism
- The active parts include various transmission devices, servo motors, etc., which are used to drive the various movements of the machine tool.
- The performance of the active parts directly affects the machining speed, precision and energy consumption of the machine tool.
Coolant System
- People particularly use coolant systems with the aim of cooling tools and workpieces during machining.
- Coolant system usually includes coolant tank, pump, nozzle and other components.
Fixture
- People generally use the fixture to fix and grip the workpiece, thereby ensuring its stability and safety during processing.
- The fixture’s design and manufacturing should consider the workpiece’s shape, size, and processing requirements.
- These main structural components together constitute the basic frame of CNC machine tool, through the precise control of CNC system, to achieve the precision machining of the workpiece and efficient production.